|
In psychology, a drive theory or drive doctrine〔 is a theory that attempts to define, analyze or classify the psychological drives. A drive is an “excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbance”,〔Seward, J. (1956). drive, incentive, and reinforcement. Psychological Review, 63, 19-203. ()〕 an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behaviour of an individual.〔Leopold Szondi (1972), (''Lehrbuch der Experimentellen Triebdiagnostik'' ) p.25 quotation: 〕 Drive theory is based on the principle that organisms are born with certain psychological needs and that a negative state of tension is created when these needs are not satisfied. When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis and relaxation. According to the theory, drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat. == Psychoanalysis == In psychoanalysis, drive theory ((ドイツ語:Triebtheorie) or ''ドイツ語:Trieblehre'')〔 refers to the theory of drives, motivations, or instincts, that have clear objects. When an internal imbalance is detected by homeostatic mechanisms, a drive to restore balance is produced. In 1927 Sigmund Freud said that a drive theory was what was lacking most in psychoanalysis. He was opposed to systematics in psychology, rejecting it as a form of paranoia, and instead classified drives with dichotomies like Eros/Thanatos drives, the drives toward Life and Death, respectively, and sexual/ego drives.〔Mélon, Jean (1996), (''Notes on the History of the Szondi Movement'' ) ((French original )). Text for the Szondi Congress of Cracow, August 1996.〕 Freud's ''Civilization and Its Discontents'' was published in Germany in 1930 when the rise of fascism in that country was well under way, and the warnings of a second European war were leading to opposing calls for rearmament and pacifism. Against this background, Freud wrote "In face of the destructive forces unleashed, now it may be expected that the other of the two 'heavenly forces,' eternal Eros, will put forth his strength so as to maintain himself alongside of his equally immortal adversary."〔Freud, S. (1961). ''Civilization and its discontents''. J. Strachey, transl. New York: W. W. Norton.〕 In 1947, Hungarian psychiatrist and psychologist Leopold Szondi, aimed instead at a systematic drive theory.〔〔Leopold Szondi () (1952), (''Experimental Diagnostics of Drives'' ), Introduction of the first edition, quotation: 〕 Szondi Drive Diagram has been described as a revolutionary addition to psychology, and as paving the way for a theoretical psychiatry and a psychoanalytical anthropology.〔〔(''Livres de France'' ) (1989), Issues 106-109 quotation: 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「drive theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|